Comparative introduction of air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery thermal management_Industry News

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Comparative introduction of air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery thermal management

October 25 , 2024

As one of the core three-electric systems of pure electric commercial vehicles, the power battery pack mainly provides power for drive. It is not only expensive, but also related to the mileage. For power batteries, temperature is one of the key factors affecting the normal charging and discharging performance and cruising range of the battery. Overheating may affect the heat dissipation of the battery and even cause spontaneous combustion. Overcooling will cause a significant reduction in vehicle range, damage the battery, and reduce the battery's performance and service life. Therefore, electric vehicles are equipped with a battery thermal management system.

So what is the role of the battery thermal management system? What are the mainstream battery thermal management systems?

At present, in the commercial vehicle market, the mainstream battery thermal management solutions are mainly divided into two categories: air cooling and liquid cooling. Among them, most pure electric micro-trucks and light trucks are mainly air-cooled, while liquid cooling is more used in pure electric heavy trucks and tractors with higher charging and discharging power.

Air cooling is natural cooling, and the principle is to use natural wind to cool the battery. The advantages of air cooling heat dissipation are mainly simple structure and low cost, no possibility of leakage, and stronger overall reliability. Although it has certain price advantages, its technical disadvantages are also obvious. Its heat dissipation efficiency is low and the effect is average. The cooling effect is limited during high-power discharge. In addition, air cooling will be directly affected by the external temperature, especially in extremely hot or cold weather conditions, the heat dissipation and heat transfer efficiency of the battery will be affected to a certain extent.

Compared with air-cooled battery thermal management, liquid cooling is more efficiency in terms of heat dissipation and heat preservation. The principle is to use the coolant inside the battery pack and the coolant in the pipeline to take away the heat generated by the battery during operation, so as to achieve the effect of heat dissipation for the battery.

In addition to dissipating heat for the battery pack, some will also heat the battery pack so that the battery can quickly enter the best working state in a low temperature environment. Liquid cooling has a higher and stronger heat dissipation efficiency than air cooling. When facing heavy loads or high-power output batteries with excessive power load, the liquid cooling water circulation heat dissipation system can cool the battery pack in time. The battery temperature can be more efficiently controlled within a reasonable range, so that the battery pack can be further improved in terms of work efficiency, stability and durability, and effectively improve the stability and service life of the battery pack. However, the liquid cooling thermal management solution has a higher purchase cost and a more complex overall design.

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